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1971 Łódź strikes
On February 10, 1971, textile workers in the central Polish city of Łódź (known as the "Manchester of Poland")〔(The Virtual Jewish History Tour - Lodz. Jewish Virtual Library )〕 began a strike action, in which the majority of participants were women.〔(Bunt miasta kobiet by Natalia Jarska, Tygodnik Powszechny, 12.04.2011 )〕 These events have been largely forgotten because a few weeks earlier, major protests and street fights had taken place in the cities of northern Poland. Nevertheless, the women of Łódź achieved what shipyard workers of the Baltic Sea coast failed to achieve - cancellation of the increase in food prices, which had been introduced by the government of Communist Poland in December 1970.〔(Łódź. Wystawa o robotniczych protestach z lat 1945-1981, 25-08-2010 ) "Ich protest, wsparty strajkami w innych miastach, doprowadził do tego, że podwyżki cen na żywność wprowadzone przez władze w grudniu 1970 roku zostały odwołane."〕 Consequently, it was the only industrial action in pre-1980 Communist Poland that ended as a success.〔(Polish TV, Kto pokazał tyłek Jaroszewiczowi? )〕
== Background ==
The communist government announced increases in food prices on December 12, 1970. Some of the new prices, for example the prices for the meat products were raised by up to 100 percent.〔(On cultural freedom: an exploration of public life in Poland and America By Jeffrey C. Goldfarb, page 79 )〕 Strikes and street demonstrations took place in the Baltic ports of Gdańsk, Gdynia, Szczecin and Elbląg. Security forces, together with units of the Polish Army massacred at least 42 protesting workers in December. More than 1,000 people were wounded. The news of these events quickly reached Łódź in spite of the government's censorship and media blackout.〔 A tense atmosphere was palpable in the city which was the Polish center of the textile industry, where majority of workers were female. As informants of Communist secret services reported, employees of main factories talked among each other about high prices of food, desperate living conditions, and low wages. Some brought up the possibility of a strike, but in December 1970 no open protests took place. This was due to two factors - the recent news of the bloodbath in the coastal cities, and the change in the Politburo of the Polish United Workers' Party, where on December 20, Edward Gierek was nominated as Secretary General.〔(Historie lodzkie, Zapomniane strajki, by Grzegorz Matuszak )〕 Nevertheless, the government did not back out of the food price increase.〔
In January 1971, the situation in Łódź became even more tense.〔 The government and the Communist Party were openly criticized, and workers in city’s textile factories talked among themselves that changes in the Polish Politburo were not enough, and that these did not guarantee that bloody events of the December 1970 protests would not be repeated in the future. Agents of the security services reported that Łódź workers frequently mentioned a strike - a term, which according to official propaganda was not supposed to even exist in Communist countries.〔 Local authorities secured key buildings of the city, including the headquarters of the Communist Party, which was guarded by 70 officers of Milicja Obywatelska, 70 soldiers and 50 officers of the paramilitary police ''ORMO''.〔Krzysztof Lesiakowski. Strajk robotników łódzkich w lutym 1971 roku. Instytut Pamięci Narodowej Łódź〕 The streets of Łódź were patrolled by 1400 police officers, several hundred people were preventively arrested, and a special plan for a blockade of main streets was drawn up. Beginning in mid-December 1970, leaflets were distributed among the population, stating: "Workers! Women of Łódź! Youth of Łódź! We urge you to keep your cool, peace and discipline! Disorganization of your life will damage your interests! Only work, peace and order will help you to overcome current difficulties!".〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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